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Magnetite azolla impedimetric nanobiosensor for phthalic acid esters quantification.

Maryam Darvishi1, Shahab Shariati1, Fariba Safa1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. shariaty@iaurasht.ac.ir.

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Summary

Two novel impedimetric biosensors (IBs) using azolla fern and magnetite-modified azolla nanocomposites were developed for detecting phthalic acid esters (PAEs). These sensitive biosensors demonstrate high performance in determining trace PAEs in aqueous samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are endocrine-disrupting compounds with adverse effects on human development.
  • Accurate detection of PAEs in aqueous environments is crucial for public health and environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize two sensitive impedimetric biosensors (IBs) for the detection of four common PAEs: DBP, DMP, DEHP, and DCHP.
  • To investigate the interaction of PAEs with the developed biosensors using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an azolla-based impedimetric biosensor (AZIB) and a magnetite azolla nanocomposite-based impedimetric nanobiosensor (MAZIB) by modifying a copper electrode.
  • Utilizing EIS to measure the blocking effect of PAEs on ferrous ion oxidation at the biosensor surface.
  • Analyzing Nyquist plots to determine changes in charge-transfer resistance (RCT) upon PAE interaction.

Main Results:

  • Both AZIB and MAZIB showed significant shifts in RCT values upon exposure to PAEs, indicating successful detection.
  • Smaller PAE molecules resulted in greater RCT shifts due to better surface coverage.
  • Linear detection ranges from 0.1-1000 μg L⁻¹ were established with low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ).
  • The biosensors exhibited high sensitivity and accuracy in real aqueous samples, with relative recoveries ranging from 93.0-99.3%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed AZIB and MAZIB are highly sensitive and efficient tools for the trace determination of PAEs in aqueous samples.
  • The biosensors offer a promising approach for environmental monitoring and public health protection against PAE contamination.