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Missed Opportunity for Routine Childhood Vaccination in Urban and Rural Areas of Edo State, Nigeria: A Comparative
V O Omuemu1,2, E O Ogboghodo1,2, J Erhunmwunsee2
1Department of Community Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Background:
Despite the proven effectiveness of immunization against vaccine preventable diseases, vaccination coverage among children remains low in many developing countries including Nigeria. A significant contributor is missed opportunity for vaccination (MOV). This study compared the prevalence and determinants of MOV among under-five children in an urban and a rural community in Edo State, Southern Nigeria.
Methods:
This comparative cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 644 mothers of under-five children selected using a multistage sampling technique from an urban and a rural community. Data was collected using a modified structured WHO protocol for evaluation of MOV and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:
The prevalence of MOV was 21.7% and 22.1% in urban and rural communities, respectively (p=0.924). The measles vaccine was the most frequently missed in the urban 40 (57.1%) and rural 45 (63.4%) communities. The major reason for MOV in both communities was limited hours of vaccination (urban-58.6% and rural-62.0%). Poor knowledge of vaccination was a determinant of MOV in both urban (aOR=0.923; 95%CI=0.098-0.453) and rural (aOR=0.231; 95%CI=0.029-0.270) communities. Other determinants in the community included older maternal age (aOR=0.452; 95%CI=0.243-0.841) while in the rural community, they included older child (aOR=0.467; 95%CI=0.220-0.990) and ANC attendance (aOR=2.827; 95%CI=1.583-5.046).
Conclusion:
MOV was common in both urban and rural communities in Edo State. Regular public awareness campaigns and capacity building workshops for health care workers to address the individual and health system factors are recommended.
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