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Executive function and the continued influence of misinformation: A latent-variable analysis.

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Summary

Even after corrections, misinformation persists due to the continued influence effect (CIE). Executive functions, particularly working-memory updating, predict susceptibility to this effect, offering intervention insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Misinformation can persist and influence reasoning post-correction, a phenomenon termed the continued influence effect (CIE).
  • Theoretical models suggest CIE arises from failures in memory updating and suppressing reliance on misinformation.
  • These cognitive processes are linked to executive functions (EF), including working-memory updating and response inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if individual differences in executive functions (EF) predict susceptibility to the continued influence effect (CIE).
  • To explore the relationship between specific EF subcomponents (updating, inhibition, set shifting) and CIE.
  • To advance understanding of the cognitive underpinnings of misinformation persistence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed various executive function (EF) assessments, measuring updating, inhibition, and set shifting.
  • A standard continued influence effect (CIE) task was administered to gauge susceptibility.
  • Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the relationship between EF and CIE.

Main Results:

  • Executive functions (EF) were found to predict susceptibility to the continued influence effect (CIE).
  • Working-memory updating emerged as a particularly strong predictor of CIE susceptibility.
  • The findings support the role of EF in mitigating the CIE.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in executive functions, especially working-memory updating, are associated with continued influence effect (CIE) susceptibility.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of the cognitive factors contributing to misinformation persistence.
  • The results suggest potential avenues for developing interventions to combat the CIE.