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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis. A pediatric clinical case report.

Dina Soriano¹, Mariano Mendoza¹, Jorgelina Vélez²

¹Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Español de Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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|April 5, 2023

Summary

Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis (AIPHSE) can occur after herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. This case study shows successful treatment of AIPHSE in a child using immunomodulatory therapies, leading to symptom remission.

Keywords:

N-methyl-Daspartate receptor encephalitis autoimmune disorders of the nervous system encephalitis herpes simplex immunomodulators

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a severe neurological condition.
Autoimmune post-HSV encephalitis (AIPHSE) is an autoimmune complication following initial HSV infection.
AIPHSE presents with new or worsening neurological/psychiatric symptoms.

Observation:

A 5-year-old boy presented with symptoms consistent with AIPHSE.
The patient received both first- and second-line immunomodulatory treatments.
The child's condition was monitored throughout the treatment course.

Findings:

The immunomodulatory treatment course was adequate for the patient.
The patient experienced remission of AIPHSE symptoms.
This suggests the efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments in pediatric AIPHSE.

Implications:

AIPHSE is a distinct autoimmune entity requiring specific treatment strategies.
Immunomodulatory therapy is a viable and effective treatment for AIPHSE.
Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to favorable outcomes in pediatric AIPHSE cases.