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Delayed-Onset Transient Hyperinsulinism in Infants with Very Low and Extremely Low Birth Weights: A Cohort Study

Henrike Hoermann1, Marcia Roeper1, Alena Welters1

  • 1Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|April 5, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Delayed-onset transient hyperinsulinism affects preterm infants born with low birth weights. Postnatal stress from prematurity may trigger this condition, appearing after initial clinical stabilization.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Preterm infants with very low birth weights (<1500 g) are susceptible to metabolic complications.
  • Transient hyperinsulinism is a known issue in neonates, but delayed onset is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical characteristics of delayed-onset transient hyperinsulinism in preterm infants.
  • To explore potential contributing factors to the development of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 16 preterm infants (<1500 g) diagnosed with transient hyperinsulinism.
  • Analysis of clinical data, including birth parameters, postnatal course, and timing of hyperinsulinism diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Transient hyperinsulinism presented with delayed onset in all 16 infants.
  • The onset of hyperinsulinism frequently coincided with clinical stabilization, not acute illness.
  • Infants were born preterm with birth weights <1500 g.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed-onset transient hyperinsulinism is a distinct clinical entity in preterm infants.
  • Postnatal stress associated with prematurity and its complications may be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of delayed-onset transient hyperinsulinism.

Keywords:
blood glucosehypoglycemianeonatal glycemiaprematurity

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