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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells
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Epigenetics, genomics imprinting and non-coding RNAs.

Gautham Manoj1, Krishna Anjali1, Anandhu Presannan1

  • 1Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Clappana, Kerala, India.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|April 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic traits, heritable changes not in DNA sequence, regulate biological processes. This review covers epigenetics, genomic imprinting, and non-coding RNAs.

Keywords:
Cellular differentiationEpigeneticsImprintingNon-coding RNAslncRNAsmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular and Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic traits are heritable phenotypes arising from chromosomal alterations, not DNA sequence changes.
  • While somatic cells share identical epigenetic expression, variations emerge across different cell types.
  • The epigenetic system is crucial for regulating biological processes throughout an organism's life.

Approach:

  • This mini-review outlines the fundamental components of epigenetics.
  • It details the mechanisms of genomic imprinting.
  • The role of non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation is also discussed.

Key Points:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable changes affecting gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
  • Genomic imprinting is a key epigenetic phenomenon where gene expression depends on parental origin.
  • Non-coding RNAs are significant regulators of epigenetic modifications and gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epigenetics, genomic imprinting, and non-coding RNAs is essential for comprehending biological regulation.
  • These epigenetic mechanisms offer insights into development, disease, and heritability.