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Updated: Aug 4, 2025
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Sleep, Activity, and Nutrition Among an Army Sample: Strengths, Deficits, and Demographic Differences
Theresa Jackson Santo1, Jill A Brown1, Stacy Ann Hawkins2
1Army Public Health Center, Public Health Assessment Division, US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
Evaluation Review
|April 5, 2023
Summary
Healthy sleep, activity, and nutrition (SAN) behaviors are crucial for overall health. This study found that self-confidence in SAN behaviors is linked to actual engagement, highlighting the need for targeted health promotion programs for U.S. Army Soldiers.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Military Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Sleep, activity, and nutrition (SAN) are fundamental pillars of overall health.
- Individual knowledge and self-efficacy significantly influence the adoption of healthy SAN behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the baseline knowledge, self-confidence, and behaviors related to SAN among U.S. Army Soldiers.
- To identify patterns and associations within SAN behaviors and explore demographic differences (gender, rank).
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing baseline survey data from 11,485 U.S. Army Soldiers participating in a health promotion program.
- Online survey assessed SAN knowledge, self-confidence, and behaviors.
- Statistical analyses examined correlations and group differences.
Main Results:
- Knowledge, self-confidence, and behaviors were positively correlated within each SAN domain.
- Men reported higher weekly aerobic and resistance training volumes than women.
- Officers demonstrated greater self-confidence and engagement in post-exercise nutrition and activity goal achievement compared to enlisted Soldiers.
- Higher confidence in achieving healthy sleep correlated significantly with increased sleep duration during both workweeks and weekends.
Conclusions:
- Baseline data indicate a strong link between self-confidence and engagement in healthy SAN behaviors among U.S. Army Soldiers.
- Significant gender and rank-based differences in SAN behaviors and confidence exist.
- Findings underscore the necessity for tailored health promotion interventions to enhance SAN behaviors in this population.
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