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Alterations of Epidermal Lipid Profiles and Skin Microbiome in Children With Atopic Dermatitis

Jihyun Kim1,2, Byung Eui Kim1,3, Elena Goleva3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
|April 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) skin exhibits altered lipid profiles, with specific ceramides, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine levels differing from healthy skin. These lipid changes correlate with skin microbiome composition and barrier dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a compromised skin barrier.
  • Epidermal lipid abnormalities and skin microbiome dysbiosis are implicated in AD pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the interplay between lipids and microbes is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidermal lipid profiles in children with atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • To explore the association between these lipid profiles and the composition of the skin microbiome.
  • To correlate lipid and microbial alterations with skin barrier function markers.

Main Methods:

  • Skin tape stripping was used to collect stratum corneum samples from 27 children with AD and 18 healthy controls.
  • Lipid and protein profiling was performed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze skin microbiome composition.

Main Results:

  • Specific ceramides (C18-NS-CERs), sphingomyelin (SM), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were elevated in lesional AD skin compared to nonlesional and control skin.
  • Ratios of certain ceramides and LPCs to transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were negatively correlated, indicating impaired barrier function.
  • Skin microbial communities, including Firmicutes and Staphylococcus, showed correlations with specific lipid profiles, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric AD skin displays distinct aberrant lipid profiles.
  • These lipid alterations are significantly associated with skin microbial dysbiosis.
  • The findings suggest a complex interplay between lipids, microbes, and cutaneous barrier dysfunction in AD pathogenesis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisStaphylococcusceramideschildfatty acidslipidsmicrobiota

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