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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

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Giant cell arteritis.

Kristie Pepper1

  • 1Arthritis & Osteoporosis Center of Reading, 2760 Century Blvd, Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, USA.

Postgraduate Medicine
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a large vessel vasculitis, primarily affects those over 50. While glucocorticoids are standard, agents like Tocilizumab offer steroid-sparing benefits.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is a systemic rheumatic disease affecting large and medium-sized vessels, including cranial and great vessels.
  • It is the most common idiopathic systemic vasculitis, predominantly seen in individuals over 50 years of age.
  • GCA can manifest with systemic symptoms and cranial involvement, leading to characteristic symptoms, or as a generalized disease affecting the aorta and its branches, potentially causing aneurysms and stenosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).
  • To cover epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic workup, and treatment options for GCA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, workup, and treatment of GCA.
Keywords:
Temporal arteritisgiant cell arteritislarge vessel vasculitisvasculitis

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  • Analysis of current treatment strategies, including established glucocorticoid therapy and newer steroid-sparing agents.

    • Main Results:

    • GCA is the most common idiopathic systemic vasculitis, primarily affecting adults over 50.
    • Glucocorticoids remain a primary treatment, with agents like Tocilizumab demonstrating efficacy as steroid-sparing options.
    • The disease course and treatment duration for GCA are variable.

    Conclusions:

    • GCA is a significant vasculitic condition requiring a thorough understanding of its diverse presentations and management.
    • Effective management involves a combination of established and novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate disease activity and reduce steroid dependence.
    • Further research into pathogenesis and treatment optimization is crucial for improving patient outcomes in GCA.