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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Bone Conditioned Medium: Preparation and Bioassay
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Development of serum substitute medium for bone tissue engineering.

Sana Ansari1, Keita Ito1, Sandra Hofmann1

  • 1Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
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Researchers developed a serum substitute medium for bone tissue engineering (BTE) that performs as well as fetal bovine serum (FBS). This defined medium supports cell attachment, survival, osteoblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition, even under shear stress.

Area of Science:

  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used in cell cultures but has ethical concerns and batch variability.
  • Developing a chemically defined serum substitute is crucial for reproducible results in tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a serum substitute medium for bone tissue engineering (BTE).
  • To assess the efficacy of the serum substitute in supporting human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in 2D and 3D cultures.
  • To evaluate the impact of mechanical stimuli (shear stress) on cell culture using the serum substitute.

Main Methods:

  • Step-by-step development of a serum substitute medium.
  • Culturing hBMSCs on 2D and 3D scaffolds.
Keywords:
bone tissue engineeringfetal bovine serumin vitro bone modelsserum substitute medium

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  • Assessing cell attachment, survival, osteoblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition.
  • Applying mechanical shear stress to cultures using the serum substitute medium.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed serum substitute medium supported hBMSC attachment, survival, osteoblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition comparable to FBS.
    • Mechanical shear stress was found to be essential for enhancing extracellular matrix formation when using the serum substitute medium.
    • The serum substitute medium demonstrated efficacy in a 3-week culture period.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel serum substitute medium was successfully developed for BTE applications.
    • This defined medium can replace FBS, mitigating ethical concerns and improving experimental consistency.
    • The findings highlight the importance of mechanical stimulation in conjunction with the defined medium for optimal BTE outcomes.