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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
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A Stimulating New Direction for FES.

Janet Rae-Duprees

    IEEE Pulse
    |April 6, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a proven therapy now enhanced by new technologies. It aids in limb mobilization, nerve re-education, and treating conditions like stroke and sleep apnea.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Rehabilitation Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has a long history in physical therapy.
    • Recent technological advancements are driving a resurgence in FES applications.
    • FES offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the expanding therapeutic uses of FES.
    • To showcase FES's role in modern rehabilitation.
    • To explore FES's application in diverse medical conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current technological advancements in FES.
    • Analysis of FES applications in physical therapy and rehabilitation.
    • Case study examples of FES in treating specific conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • FES is effectively mobilizing limbs and re-educating damaged nerves.
    • New applications include assisting with gait and balance.
    • FES shows promise in correcting sleep apnea and improving swallowing in stroke patients.

    Conclusions:

    • FES, augmented by new technologies, is expanding its therapeutic reach.
    • The technique is proving valuable in diverse areas of medicine.
    • FES represents a significant advancement in rehabilitation and treatment.