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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

570
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
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Using Autoantibodies to Diagnose Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Triggered by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Clinical

Alejandra Flores-Chávez1, Pilar Brito-Zerón2, Soledad Retamozo3

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Critical Reviews in Immunology
|April 6, 2023
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Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause systemic immune-related adverse events (sirAEs). Autoantibodies are often unhelpful in diagnosing these ICI-triggered conditions, highlighting a need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Oncology
  • Autoimmunity and Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
  • Systemic irAEs (sirAEs) share features with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs), complicating diagnosis.
  • Autoantibodies are crucial for SAD diagnosis, but their role in ICI-induced sirAEs is unclear.

Approach:

  • A literature review was conducted using PubMed, focusing on studies from the past 10 years.
  • The review evaluated the diagnostic utility of conventional autoantibodies in identifying and classifying sirAEs.
  • Emphasis was placed on understanding the overlap between sirAEs and SADs.

Key Points:

  • Autoantibodies can aid in diagnosing some ICI-triggered SADs.
  • A significant proportion of sirAEs are 'seronegative,' lacking traditional autoantibodies.
  • The absence of autoantibodies suggests potentially unique mechanisms underlying sirAEs.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnostic value of autoantibodies in sirAEs is limited, with a predominance of seronegative cases.
  • Diagnosing sirAEs requires multidisciplinary teams experienced in immune-mediated diseases.
  • Further research is essential to clarify the role of autoantibodies and optimize diagnostic strategies for sirAEs.