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Tanapox, South Africa, 2022
Emerging Infectious Diseases
|April 6, 2023
Summary
Tanapox, a rare zoonotic disease, was diagnosed in South Africa, far from its usual equatorial African range. This finding suggests the need for broader surveillance of this viral illness.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Tanapox is a zoonotic viral infection historically confined to equatorial Africa.
- Human cases of Tanapox have not been reported in nearly two decades.
- The known geographical distribution of Tanapox is limited to within 10° of the Equator.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a novel human case of Tanapox.
- To document a case of Tanapox occurring outside its previously known endemic region.
- To highlight the need for expanded surveillance of Tanapox.
Main Methods:
- Case description of a human infection.
- Geographical data analysis of the case location relative to known endemic areas.
Main Results:
- A human case of Tanapox was identified in South Africa, located 24° south of the Equator.
- This case represents the southernmost and most geographically distant human Tanapox infection documented.
- The diagnosis occurred significantly outside the previously established 10° latitudinal range.
Conclusions:
- Tanapox virus may have a wider geographical distribution than previously understood.
- The occurrence of Tanapox in South Africa warrants increased vigilance and surveillance efforts.
- Further research is needed to understand the expanded epidemiology of Tanapox.
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