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Heart Rate Variability and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in General Population.

Kan Wang1, Fariba Ahmadizar1,2, Sven Geurts1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic dysfunction, indicated by changes in heart rate variability (HRV), may precede type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, particularly in younger adults. However, causal links between HRV and T2D were not supported by Mendelian randomization analysis.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationheart rateheart rate variabilityjoint modeltype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction share a bidirectional relationship.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic nervous system function.
  • Understanding the interplay between autonomic function and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the longitudinal evolution of heart rate variability (HRV) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the general population.
  • To explore potential bidirectional relationships between HRV metrics and T2D development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized joint models to analyze longitudinal HRV data and incident T2D in 7630 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study.
  • Assessed various HRV metrics, including heart rate-corrected SD of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNNc) and root mean square of successive RR-interval differences (RMSSDc).
  • Employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine causal relationships, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • An increase in heart rate (HR 1.20) and log(RMSSDc) (HR 1.16) were independently associated with increased T2D risk.
  • The association between heart rate and T2D was stronger in individuals younger than 62 years (HR 1.54).
  • Bidirectional MR analyses indicated no significant causal relationship between HRV and T2D.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic dysfunction, reflected in HRV changes, appears to precede T2D development, especially in younger individuals.
  • Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that HRV and T2D are not causally related.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the complex relationship between autonomic function and T2D.