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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
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Air Pollution and Arrhythmias.

Matthew Bennett1, Isabelle Nault2, Michael Koehle3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
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Air pollution exposure, including particulate matter, is linked to increased risks of heart rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias. This review explores the mechanisms and strong correlations between air pollutants and arrhythmia incidence, mortality, and sudden cardiac death.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Air pollution poses significant threats to human and ecosystem health.
  • Common air pollutants include particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
  • While the link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease is known, its association with arrhythmias is less established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the association between acute and chronic air pollution exposure and arrhythmia incidence, morbidity, and mortality.
  • To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking air pollution to arrhythmias.
  • To review the correlation between air pollutants and specific arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating air pollution and arrhythmias.
  • Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms including systemic inflammation, structural remodeling, and autonomic dysfunction.
  • Analysis of correlations between air pollutant concentrations and arrhythmia outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Increased air pollutant concentrations promote proarrhythmic mechanisms such as systemic inflammation and structural remodeling.
  • Strong correlations exist between air pollution exposure and the incidence of atrial fibrillation.
  • Air pollution is associated with increased emergency room visits, hospital admissions, stroke risk, and mortality in atrial fibrillation patients, as well as ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death.

Conclusions:

  • Air pollution is a significant risk factor for various cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Understanding the mechanisms linking air pollution to arrhythmias is crucial for public health.
  • Mitigation of air pollution may reduce the burden of arrhythmia-related cardiovascular events.