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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

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Extrahepatic Outcomes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Cardiovascular Diseases

Angelo Armandi1, Elisabetta Bugianesi1

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|April 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) face increased cardiovascular risks like atherosclerosis and heart failure. Liver injury severity influences this risk, highlighting the need for integrated management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
  • This heightened risk is partly attributed to shared risk factors but is significantly modulated by the degree of liver injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms by which liver injury in NAFLD contributes to cardiovascular complications.
  • To emphasize the need for unified diagnostic and management approaches for cardiovascular risk in NAFLD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the interplay between NAFLD, metabolic inflammation, and cardiovascular pathology.
  • Analysis of how factors like diet and genetic polymorphisms exacerbate CVD risk in NAFLD.

Main Results:

  • Fatty liver can promote an atherogenic profile.
  • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) necro-inflammation can worsen systemic metabolic inflammation.
  • Fibrosis progression in the liver may parallel myocardial changes, preceding heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • The cardiovascular risk in NAFLD is multifactorial, involving shared risk factors, diet, genetics, and the specific liver pathology.
  • Integrated clinical and diagnostic strategies are essential for effectively managing cardiovascular risk in individuals with NAFLD.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCardiac remodelingCardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseGene polymorphismsGut dysbiosisHeart failureNAFLD

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