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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Published on: January 12, 2017

Genotype-phenotype landscapes for immune-pathogen coevolution.

Alief Moulana¹, Thomas Dupic¹, Angela M Phillips²

¹Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Trends in Immunology

|April 6, 2023

Summary

Immune systems and pathogens coevolve through genetic changes. Researchers are using high-throughput methods to map these sequence variations and understand disease dynamics.

Keywords:

deep mutational scanning directed evolution immune repertoire sequencing mutagenesis

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Published on: September 28, 2022

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Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

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Published on: January 12, 2017

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

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Published on: July 18, 2013

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

Immune systems and pathogens engage in constant coevolutionary arms races.
Pathogen adaptation necessitates shifts in host immune receptor repertoires.
Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships is key to managing infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in high-throughput methods for studying immune-pathogen coevolution.
To explore how large libraries of sequence variants can illuminate these dynamics.
To discuss strategies for mapping the high-dimensional sequence space of immune-pathogen interactions.

Main Methods:

Generation of large libraries of immune receptor and pathogen protein sequence variants.
High-throughput measurement of phenotypes associated with immune-pathogen interactions.
Application of diverse methods to probe different regions of the sequence space.

Main Results:

Recent high-throughput techniques enable the creation and analysis of extensive sequence variant libraries.
These methods allow for the mapping of genotype-phenotype relationships in coevolving systems.
Combinations of approaches offer comprehensive insights into immune-pathogen dynamics.

Conclusions:

High-throughput sequencing and phenotyping are powerful tools for dissecting immune-pathogen coevolution.
Mapping sequence-phenotype landscapes is critical for predicting and controlling infectious diseases.
Integrated methodologies promise deeper understanding of evolutionary battles between hosts and pathogens.