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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Thyroid dysfunction during gestation and gestational diabetes mellitus: a complex relationship.

S Pinto1,2, L Croce3,4,5, L Carlier2

  • 1AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Avicenne Hospital, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bobigny, France.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction during gestation (GTD) are common pregnancy conditions. Screening for one may benefit early detection of the other due to shared risk factors and links.

Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitusHypothyroidismPregnancyThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction during gestation (GTD) are prevalent endocrine disorders in pregnancy.
  • These conditions share risk factors and potential pathophysiological links, necessitating a comprehensive understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique characteristics of GDM and GTD.
  • To explore the interactions and clinical outcomes associated with concurrent GDM and GTD.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these common pregnancy endocrinopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on meta-analyses and human studies.
  • Investigation of shared risk factors, epidemiological links, and pathophysiological connections.
  • Analysis of clinical consequences and postpartum implications of GDM and GTD.

Main Results:

  • A common association exists between GDM and GTD, potentially due to insulin resistance from GTD, placental changes, or shared risk factors.
  • Discrepancies in epidemiological findings may stem from evolving diagnostic criteria and screening strategies for both conditions.
  • Both GDM and GTD affect pregnancy outcomes and have long-term postpartum consequences, though further research is needed to confirm additional adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiological and pathophysiological links suggest that diagnosing GTD warrants screening for GDM, and vice versa.
  • Integrated screening and management approaches may be beneficial for pregnant individuals with either condition.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the full spectrum of consequences and optimize patient care.