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Related Concept Videos

Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Tendon Research by Developing Mouse Assembloids to Understand Cellular Mechanisms
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Artificial Tendrils Mimicking Plant Movements by Mismatching Modulus and Strain in Core and Shell.

Muhammad Farhan1, Frederike Klimm2,3,4, Marc Thielen2,4

  • 1Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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Summary

Climbing plants

Keywords:
actuatorselastic modulusmultimaterial fiberspre-strainingtendrils

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics
  • Materials Science
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Climbing plants utilize motile organs for support and sunlight acquisition.
  • Tendril coiling is crucial for plant attachment and has robotic application potential.
  • Existing soft actuators lack sufficient reversible actuation magnitude.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of tendril movement in climbing plants.
  • To develop a biomimetic artificial tendril system.
  • To achieve high reversible actuation in soft actuators.

Main Methods:

  • Function-morphological analysis of liana tendrils.
  • Development of a core-shell multimaterial fiber (MMF) system.
  • Utilizing shape-memory core fibers (SMCF) for thermally controlled motion.

Main Results:

  • MMFs exhibit thermally controlled reversible coiling and uncoiling.
  • Achieved a reversible actuation magnitude of approximately 400%.
  • Actuation is driven by the crystallization/melting behavior of oriented macromolecules in SMCF.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the contractile fiber mechanism in plant tendrils.
  • Developed MMFs demonstrate superior reversible actuation compared to existing soft actuators.
  • This biomimetic approach offers promising advancements for robotic applications.