Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Malnutrition: Low Diagnosis and Treatment Rates in Hospitalized Patients. An Analysis of German Nationwide Health Insurance Data.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2026

Same author

Multicenter study of bleeding and thromboembolic events with durvalumab tremelimumab vs. atezolizumab and bevacizumab in advanced HCC.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026

Same author

[Amendment "Resmetirom" to the S2k guideline "Metabolic Liver Diseases" (formerly "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" v.2.0/April 2022) of the German Society for Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) (Version 2.3)].

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie·2026

Same author

Real-World Outcomes of Ivosidenib in IDH1-Mutant Biliary Tract Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis and Comparison with the TrinetX Database.

Targeted oncology·2026

Same author

Life-style factors of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - Data from the German SLD-Registry.

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie·2026

Same author

Sequential or upfront triple combination with durvalumab, tremelimumab, and bevacizumab for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: the MONTBLANC trial protocol (AIO-HEP-0325/ass).

Therapeutic advances in medical oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

Treating hepatitis D with bulevirtide - Real-world experience from 114 patients.

Christopher Dietz-Fricke¹, Frank Tacke², Caroline Zöllner²

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

JHEP Reports : Innovation in Hepatology

|April 7, 2023

Summary

Bulevirtide monotherapy shows significant efficacy and safety in treating chronic hepatitis D in a large real-world German cohort. Most patients achieved virologic response, with improved liver inflammation markers and good tolerability.

Keywords:

Antiviral treatment Bulevirtide Hepatitis D Real world experience Viral hepatitis

More Related Videos

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Pharmacology

Background:

Bulevirtide is a novel entry inhibitor for Hepatitis B surface antigen.
Hepatitis D is a severe liver disease often leading to cirrhosis and cancer.
Bulevirtide received conditional approval for Hepatitis D treatment in July 2020.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the real-world safety and efficacy of bulevirtide monotherapy in chronic Hepatitis D patients.
To report the first data from a large, multicenter, real-world cohort treated with bulevirtide.
To assess virologic response and liver inflammation markers in patients receiving bulevirtide.

Main Methods:

Retrospective data collection from 114 chronic Hepatitis D patients across 16 German hepatological centers.
Analysis of anonymized patient data on bulevirtide treatment (2 mg daily).
Assessment of virologic response (HDV RNA decline) and alanine aminotransferase levels.

Main Results:

A virologic response was observed in 76% (87/114) of patients, with a mean time to response of 23 weeks.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA breakthrough occurred in 11 patients.
Alanine aminotransferase levels improved in most patients, irrespective of virologic response, and treatment was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.

Conclusions:

Bulevirtide monotherapy is safe and effective in a large real-world cohort of Hepatitis D patients in Germany.
Further studies are needed to determine long-term benefits and optimal treatment duration.
Real-world data supports the efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials for bulevirtide treatment.