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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

4.6K
Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
4.6K
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
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Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography01:20

Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography

318
Introduction:
Abdominal ultrasonography, commonly known as abdominal ultrasound, is a vital, non-invasive medical imaging technique widely used in healthcare.
Procedure:
This diagnostic tool allows the clinician to visually inspect internal structures within the abdomen, including vital organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen.
The abdominal ultrasound process begins with applying a special gel to the patient's skin over the abdomen. This gel enhances the...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Real-time Monitoring of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound HIFU Ablation of In Vitro Canine Livers Using Harmonic Motion Imaging for Focused Ultrasound HMIFU
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Costas Sparse 2-D Arrays for High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging.

Mohammad Hadi Masoumi, Tarek Kaddoura, Roger James Zemp

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |April 7, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Costas arrays offer a novel sparse 2-D array architecture for volumetric ultrasound imaging, improving resolution and field of view. This cost-effective design reduces grating lobes and sidelobe levels for enhanced imaging performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrasound imaging
    • Array signal processing
    • Medical imaging technology

    Background:

    • Two-dimensional arrays are crucial for volumetric ultrasound but limited by cost and complexity.
    • Large, fully addressed arrays face fabrication and processing challenges, hindering resolution.
    • Existing sparse arrays have limitations in performance and manufacturability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce Costas arrays as a gridded sparse 2-D array architecture for volumetric ultrasound.
    • To evaluate the performance of Costas arrays for high-resolution ultrasound imaging.
    • To demonstrate the advantages of Costas arrays over existing sparse array designs.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an order-256 Costas array layout on a 96λ×96λ aperture at 7.5 MHz.
    • Investigated focused scanline imaging of point targets and cyst phantoms.
    • Compared Costas arrays with random sparse arrays and Fermat spiral arrays.

    Main Results:

    • Costas arrays demonstrated lower peak sidelobe levels than random sparse arrays.
    • Performance in contrast was comparable to Fermat spiral arrays.
    • Achieved higher lateral resolution and wider field of view compared to state-of-the-art matrix probes.

    Conclusions:

    • Costas arrays provide a cost-effective, high-performance solution for volumetric ultrasound imaging.
    • The gridded nature and unique element distribution simplify manufacturing and interconnection.
    • This architecture enables enhanced resolution and field of view, overcoming limitations of traditional arrays.