Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Methyl Ammonium Bismuth Iodide Absorber Layer Based Lead Free...

In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the development and production of perovskite or perovskite-like materials that do not contain lead (Pb) for the purpose of constructing solar cells. The development and testing of lead-free perovskite-like structures for solar cells is crucial. In this study, we used the solar cell capacitance software (SCAPS) to simulate perovskite solar cells based on methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (MA₃ Bi₂ I₉ ). The electron-transport layer, hole-transport layer, and absorber layer thickness were optimized using SCAPS. The simulated perovskite solar cells (FTO/TiO₂ /MA₃ Bi₂ I₉ /spiro-OMeTAD/Au) performed well with a power conversion efficiency of 14.07 % and a reasonable open circuit voltage of 1.34 V, using the optimized conditions determined by SCAPS. Additionally, we conducted experiments to fabricate perovskite solar cells under controlled humidity, which showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.31 %.