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Increased Risks of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Untreated Hypertension
Jihei Sara Lee1, Yong Joon Kim1, Sunyeup Kim2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University, South Korea.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 8, 2023
Summary
Elevated blood pressure, including stage 1 hypertension, significantly increases the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This risk escalates with higher untreated blood pressure levels, highlighting the importance of BP management for OAG prevention.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Hypertension (HTN) is a known comorbidity of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
- The specific risk posed by elevated blood pressure (BP) alone and by stage 1 HTN, according to 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, for OAG development remains uncertain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between untreated elevated blood pressure and the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
- To determine if stage 1 hypertension, as defined by 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, is a significant risk factor for OAG.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, observational cohort study including 360,330 subjects aged 40+.
- Subjects were categorized by untreated BP: normal, elevated, stage 1 HTN, and stage 2 HTN.
- Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for OAG risk over an average 11.76-year follow-up.
Main Results:
- Over 11.76 years, 3.56% of subjects were diagnosed with OAG.
- Multivariable-adjusted HRs for OAG were 1.056 for elevated BP, 1.101 for stage 1 HTN, and 1.114 for stage 2 HTN, compared to normal BP.
- A dose-response relationship was observed between increasing untreated BP and OAG risk.
Conclusions:
- The risk of developing OAG increases with higher levels of untreated blood pressure.
- Stage 1 hypertension, per 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, is identified as a significant risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.
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