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Cancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery

Anoop Kallingal1, Mateusz Olszewski2, Natalia Maciejewska2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland. anoop.kallingal@pg.edu.pl.

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
|April 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cancer cells evade immune detection by altering antigen presentation and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Targeting these evasion mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, offers potential for improved cancer immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Antigen processing and presentation are vital for immune recognition of cancer cells.
  • Cancer cells employ immune evasion strategies, including altered antigen presentation and immunosuppressive microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of cancer immune evasion, focusing on antigen presentation machinery.
  • To explore the role of immunopeptidomics in understanding cancer immune evasion.
  • To discuss the impact of epigenetic modifications on anti-cancer immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer immune evasion mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the immunopeptidome (peptidomics).
  • Examination of research on epigenetic modifications (HDACis, DNMTis) in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cells downregulate antigen expression and modify antigen processing to evade immune surveillance.
  • Immunopeptidomics provides insights into cancer immune evasion and potential diagnostic/therapeutic targets.
  • Epigenetic manipulation, using HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), can enhance anti-cancer immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cancer immune evasion via antigen presentation is critical for effective immunotherapy.
  • Immunopeptidomics and epigenetic targeting represent promising avenues for novel cancer treatments.
  • Further research is necessary to optimize the clinical application of these therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
Epigenetic modulationImmunopeptidomeMHC-INeoantigens

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