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miRNAs as potential game-changers in bone diseases: Future medicinal and clinical uses
Ahmed S Doghish1, Mohammed S Elballal2, Ola Elazazy2
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short, highly conserved non-coding RNA, influence gene expression by sequential mechanisms such as mRNA breakdown or translational repression. Many biological processes depend on these regulating substances, thus changes in their expression have an impact on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and result in the emergence of a variety of diseases. Relevant studies have shown in recent years that miRNAs are involved in many stages of bone development and growth. Additionally, abnormal production of miRNA in bone tissues has been closely associated with the development of numerous bone disorders, such as osteonecrosis, bone cancer, and bone metastases. Many pathological processes, including bone loss, metastasis, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, are under the control of miRNAs. By bringing together the most up-to-date information on the clinical relevance of miRNAs in such diseases, this study hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in bone disorders and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial for bone development. Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to bone diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through mRNA degradation or translational repression.
- Cellular homeostasis and disease development are significantly influenced by miRNA expression levels.
- Emerging research indicates miRNAs play critical roles in bone development and growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical relevance of miRNAs in bone disorders.
- To elucidate the biological functions of miRNAs in bone pathologies.
- To explore miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on miRNAs in bone development and disease.
- Analysis of miRNA involvement in cellular processes like proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis.
- Synthesis of information on clinical implications and therapeutic potential.
Main Results:
- miRNA dysregulation is associated with bone disorders including osteonecrosis, bone cancer, and bone metastases.
- miRNAs control key pathological processes such as bone loss, cancer cell metastasis, and osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation.
- Specific miRNAs are implicated in the progression of various bone-related diseases.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs are vital regulators in bone biology and disease pathogenesis.
- Understanding miRNA functions offers insights into bone disorder mechanisms.
- miRNAs represent promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies in bone diseases.
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