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Comparison of Trauma and Burn Evaluations in a Pediatric Emergency Department During Pre, Early and Late COVID-19

Nirupama Kannikeswaran1, Robert R Ehrman2, Lisa Vitale3

  • 1Central Michigan University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|April 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Race and ethnicity were significantly associated with injury severity, with variations observed across pandemic periods.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Trauma Care
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered pediatric trauma epidemiology.
  • The long-term impact of the pandemic on pediatric trauma remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pediatric trauma epidemiology across pre-pandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic periods.
  • To assess the association between race/ethnicity and injury severity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparative study of pediatric trauma consults (≤16 years) from January 2019 to December 2021.
  • Categorization into pre-pandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic periods.
  • Analysis of demographics, injury etiology, severity (Injury Severity Score - ISS), interventions, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased significantly during both early and late pandemic periods compared to pre-pandemic levels.
  • Severe injuries, hospital admissions, operations, and mortality were elevated in the early pandemic, returning to pre-pandemic levels by the late period.
  • Non-Hispanic Black children experienced a ~40% increase in mean ISS during both pandemic phases, despite having lower odds of severe injury.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric trauma evaluations for injuries and burns saw an increase throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • A significant association between race/ethnicity and injury severity was identified, with temporal variations linked to pandemic phases.
Abstract

Keywords:
BurnCOVID-19EpidemiologyInjury severityRace and ethnicityTrauma

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