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Related Concept Videos

Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Physical Traits and Reproductive Measurements Associated with Early Conception in Beef Replacement Heifers.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2022
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Metabolic Diseases in Beef Cattle.

Megan S Hindman1

  • 1Veterinary Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, 1712 S Riverside Dr, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|April 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic diseases like hypomagnesemia and ruminal acidosis are concerns in beef cattle operations, though less common than in dairy cattle. Limited prevalence data exists for these conditions in feedlot and cow-calf settings.

Keywords:
AcidosisBeef cattleHypomagnesemiaMetabolic diseasesNutritional deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Nutrition

Background:

  • Beef cattle exhibit lower susceptibility to metabolic diseases compared to dairy cattle.
  • However, specific metabolic diseases pose risks in feedlot and cow-calf beef cattle management.
  • Limited prevalence data is available for metabolic diseases in beef cattle populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss key metabolic diseases affecting beef cattle.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding conditions such as hypomagnesemia and ruminal acidosis.
  • To address the lack of comprehensive prevalence information in beef cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metabolic diseases in beef cattle.
  • Discussion of identified metabolic disease entities and their sequelae.
  • Examination of existing prevalence data, noting its scarcity.

Main Results:

  • Ruminant acidosis identified with a 2% prevalence in one feedlot study.
  • Hypomagnesemia, ruminal acidosis, polioencephalomalacia, manganese deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are discussed.
  • Significant gaps in published prevalence data for these metabolic diseases in beef cattle were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic diseases, while less frequent, require attention in beef cattle health management.
  • Further research is needed to establish accurate prevalence rates for these conditions in beef cattle.
  • Understanding and monitoring metabolic diseases are crucial for optimizing beef cattle health and productivity.