Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 3, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

11.4K

Clinical Feature and General Management of Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Premature Infants

Shunsuke Ichi1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
|April 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a serious neurological complication in premature infants. This review discusses clinical features, prevention, and management strategies for PHH to improve outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Survival rates for preterm infants have improved, increasing the incidence of prematurity-related complications.
  • Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is the most common serious neurological complication in premature infants, leading to acute risks and lifelong sequelae.
  • Current management strategies for PHH lack consensus despite decades of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of PHH in premature infants.
  • To discuss general and nonsurgical management for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) prevention.
  • To outline posthemorrhagic management and intervention timing for PHH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of existing clinical data and management approaches.
  • Analysis of strategies aimed at reducing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) incidence.
  • Exploration of therapeutic interventions for established PHH.

Main Results:

  • PHH presents significant acute and long-term challenges in premature infants.
  • Preventive measures for IVH are crucial but not fully effective.
  • Optimal timing and methods for PHH intervention remain subjects of ongoing investigation.

Conclusions:

  • PHH remains a critical concern in neonatal care, necessitating further research.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing PHH in premature infants.
  • Establishing clear guidelines for PHH management is a priority for improving infant neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Keywords:
HydrocephalusMedical practice managementPremature infants

More Related Videos

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus14:59

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Published on: October 14, 2022

7.4K
Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin07:57

Modeling Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage Through Intraventricular Injection of Hemoglobin

Published on: August 25, 2022

3.0K

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...