Extracranial Microvascular Complications of Moyamoya Disease Leading to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Cardiology
• Vascular Biology

Background:

• Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of the internal carotid arteries and the circle of Willis.
• It primarily affects children and young adults, leading to recurrent ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks.
• The steno-occlusive process in MMD is typically confined to the intracranial circulation.

Observation:

• This report details a case of MMD presenting with unusual cardiac manifestations.
• The patient exhibited symptoms suggestive of cardiac dysfunction alongside the known neurological deficits of MMD.
• The vascular changes observed in MMD are known to occur extracranially.

Findings:

• The study hypothesizes a potential link between extracranial manifestations of MMD and cardiac involvement.
• The observed cardiac symptoms in the patient are suspected to be a consequence of the MMD's vascular pathology extending beyond the brain.
• This suggests that the steno-occlusive process in MMD may affect other organ systems, including the heart.

Implications:

• This case broadens the understanding of Moyamoya disease, suggesting potential systemic vascular involvement.
• It highlights the need for comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation in MMD patients.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and prevalence of cardiac complications in MMD.