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Mitochondrial nanomotion measured by optical microscopy.

Priyanka Parmar1, Maria Ines Villalba1,2, Alexandre Seiji Horii Huber1

  • 1Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Optical nanomotion detection (ONMD) monitors nanoscale oscillations in living organisms. This study shows ONMD can track mitochondrial movement in response to various stimuli, offering a rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection method.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Nanoscale oscillations are fundamental to life but difficult to detect.
  • Optical nanomotion detection (ONMD) offers a simpler alternative using basic microscopes and software.
  • ONMD has shown promise for rapid antifungal sensitivity testing in yeast cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ONMD's capability in monitoring motile sub-cellular organelles, specifically mitochondria.
  • To assess mitochondrial motility changes in response to various chemical and biological triggers.
  • To highlight the advantages of ONMD for organelle analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical nanomotion detection (ONMD) to observe mitochondrial motility.
  • Isolated mitochondria from HEK 293 T and Jurkat cell lines.
  • Applied various doses and durations of mitochondrial toxins, citric acid intermediates, and short-chain fatty acids.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial isolates exhibited predictable motility patterns when analyzed by ONMD.
  • Motility was significantly altered upon exposure to tested toxins and metabolites.
  • ONMD successfully detected nanoscale organelle movements.

Conclusions:

  • ONMD is a viable technique for monitoring mitochondrial dynamics.
  • The method is rapid, sensitive to single organelles, and requires no labeling or attachment.
  • ONMD presents a significant advancement over traditional methods for studying organelle function and response.