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S2k guideline for diving accidents
Björn Jüttner1, Christian Wölfel2, Claudio Camponovo2
1German Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Society (GTÜM).
German Medical Science : GMS E-Journal
|April 10, 2023
Summary
Immediate 100% oxygen first aid and avoiding movement are crucial for diving accidents. Severe cases require hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as the established treatment.
Area of Science:
- Diving Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
- Hyperbaric Medicine
Background:
- Diving accidents pose significant health risks due to pressure changes.
- A national consensus guideline is needed to standardize care.
- Current treatment protocols require clear recommendations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the current knowledge on diagnosing and treating diving accidents.
- To provide evidence-based recommendations for emergency and definitive care.
- To outline key actions for on-site management and specialized treatment.
Main Methods:
- National consensus-based guideline development (S2k grade).
- Review of current knowledge on diving accident diagnosis and treatment.
- Formulation of key action statements for emergency response and therapy.
Main Results:
- Diving accidents are defined as hazardous events from reduced ambient pressure.
- Mild symptoms include unusual tiredness and itching.
- Key on-site actions: 100% oxygen, immobilization, fluid administration, specialist consultation.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the established treatment for severe cases.
- Recommended basic treatment: hyperbaric oxygenation at 280 kPa.
Conclusions:
- Standardized on-site first aid is critical for diving accident victims.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy remains the gold standard for severe diving accidents.
- The guideline provides a framework for managing diving emergencies effectively.
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