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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.5K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

47.6K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
47.6K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Conductivity of Multicomponent Alloy under Solid Solution Short-Range Order Cluster Model.

Liang Huang1, Yan Cao2, Shoumin Wang1

  • 1Mechatronic Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710048, China.

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This study quantifies the short-range order in multicomponent alloys like Inconel 718. It links atomic structure to conductivity, enabling better alloy design for high performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Short-range order (SRO) in multicomponent alloy solid solutions is crucial for understanding microatomic structure and macro-physical properties.
  • Effective composition theory design is needed to develop high-performance multicomponent alloys.
  • Inconel 718, a widely used nickel-base superalloy, serves as a model system for this investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively establish the spatial structure of short-range order clusters in multicomponent alloy solid solutions.
  • To accurately analyze the conductivity of multicomponent alloys using a short-range order cluster model.
  • To guide the development of high-performance alloys through improved composition theory design.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the "nearest neighbor cluster plus connecting atom" method to characterize SRO atomic arrangement.
  • Generating Friedel oscillation potential functions and associating them with radial density.
  • Defining nearest neighbor clusters based on maximum atomic radial density for minimum energy stacking.
  • Developing a quantitative expression for the spatial structure of SRO clusters.
  • Analyzing conductivity via electron scattering rate, weighted by atomic content.

Main Results:

  • A quantitative model for the spatial structure of short-range order clusters in multicomponent alloys was achieved.
  • The study accurately predicts multicomponent alloy conductivity using the SRO cluster model, with a prediction rate within 5%.
  • The research establishes a clear link between microatomic structure (SRO) and macro-physical properties (conductivity).

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantitative SRO cluster model provides a robust framework for understanding alloy properties.
  • This approach enables more effective theoretical design of high-performance multicomponent alloys.
  • The findings are significant for advancing materials science and engineering applications of superalloys.