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Thermosensitive H1 plasmids determining citrate utilization.

H W Smith, Z Parsell, P Green

    Journal of General Microbiology
    |December 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Thermosensitive H1 plasmids from Salmonella typhi strains confer citrate utilization (Cit+) and mercury resistance in Escherichia coli. These traits, found in global outbreaks, were not inherent to the original S. typhi strains.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Thermosensitive H1 plasmids are associated with outbreaks of chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever.
    • These plasmids have been identified in various geographical locations, including Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Britain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the functional properties of thermosensitive H1 plasmids from Salmonella typhi.
    • To determine the role of these plasmids in conferring traits like citrate utilization and mercury resistance.

    Main Methods:

    • Transferring H1 plasmids from Salmonella typhi to a prototrophic Escherichia coli K12 strain.
    • Assessing citrate utilization (Cit+) and mercury resistance mediated by the plasmids.
    • Analyzing the growth characteristics of citrate-utilizing bacteria at different temperatures.

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  • Investigating the transferability of citrate utilization to other bacterial species like E. coli and Shigella.

    • Main Results:

    • H1 plasmids from Southeast Asian Salmonella typhi strains mediated citrate utilization (Cit+) in E. coli K12, but not in the original S. typhi.
    • H1 plasmids from Mexican Salmonella typhi strains mediated mercury resistance but not citrate utilization.
    • Similar H1 plasmids were detected in sewage in Britain.
    • Citrate utilization was successfully transferred to pathogenic E. coli and Shigella strains.
    • Citrate-utilizing bacteria showed temperature-dependent growth, with faster growth at 28°C than 37°C, though mutants with improved 37°C growth were identified.
    • Citrate utilization was not observed in other bacterial genera or in E. coli/Shigella strains with different plasmids.

    Conclusions:

    • Thermosensitive H1 plasmids carry genes that can confer novel metabolic capabilities, such as citrate utilization, to other bacterial species.
    • The presence of these plasmids in diverse geographical locations highlights their potential role in bacterial adaptation and dissemination.
    • Temperature-dependent growth and the emergence of efficient citrate-utilizing mutants suggest adaptive evolution driven by plasmid-encoded traits.