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Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: What's new right now?

Palittiya Sintusek1, Mohamed Mutalib2, Nikhil Thapar3,4,5

  • 1Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology Research Unit (TPGHAI), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Thai Red Cross, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
|April 10, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children is common, but GER disease (GERD) causes significant symptoms. This review covers GERD

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in children, often physiological.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a pathological condition requiring management.
  • GERD pathogenesis involves lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, mucosal defense, motility, and anatomical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an up-to-date review of GERD in children.
  • To focus on pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation, and management strategies.
  • To highlight the distinction between physiological GER and pathological GERD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on pediatric GERD.
  • Synthesis of information on GERD etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.
  • Focus on evidence-based diagnostic and management approaches.

Main Results:

  • GERD in children presents with varied, nonspecific symptoms.
  • Effective management requires understanding underlying causes and preventing complications.
  • Multifactorial pathogenesis necessitates targeted therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pediatric GERD is crucial due to nonspecific symptoms.
  • Management strategies should address specific etiological factors.
  • Comprehensive understanding of GERD pathogenesis guides optimal patient care.

Keywords:
ChildrenGastroesophageal refluxGastroesophageal reflux diseaseImpedance studyInfantLower esophageal sphincter

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