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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Exploiting Real-Time Genomic Surveillance Data To Assess 4CMenB Meningococcal Vaccine Performance in Scotland, 2015

C M C Rodrigues1,2,3, L MacDonald4, R Ure5

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Mbio
|April 10, 2023
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Summary

The meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero) provides good protection against invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) with two or three doses. Single doses offer less protection, highlighting the importance of adhering to the infant immunization schedule.

Keywords:
4CMenBBASTBexseroMenDeVARWGSbreakthrough casesgenomicsmeningococcal infectionsvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • * Microbiology
  • * Immunology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * The United Kingdom introduced the first national infant immunization schedule for the meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB, Bexsero) in September 2015.
  • * Postimplementation surveillance is crucial as meningococcal protein variants can evade vaccine-induced immunity.
  • * Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by serogroup B remains a public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To assess the real-world effectiveness of the 4CMenB (Bexsero) vaccine against serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Scotland.
  • * To evaluate the impact of vaccination status and dose number on protection against IMD.
  • * To utilize genomic surveillance to determine vaccine preventability of circulating meningococcal strains.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases in Scotland from September 2015 to June 2022.
  • * Combination of patient demographics, vaccination status, and genotypic data of causative meningococci.
  • * Application of the meningococcal deduced vaccine antigen reactivity (MenDeVAR) index to assess vaccine coverage and preventability.

Main Results:

  • * Eighty-two serogroup B IMD cases were identified; 41% occurred in vaccinated children (≥1 Bexsero dose).
  • * Children receiving two or three vaccine doses showed no IMD caused by vaccine-preventable meningococci.
  • * Partially vaccinated children (one dose) and unvaccinated children experienced higher rates of IMD caused by vaccine-preventable strains.

Conclusions:

  • * Two or three doses of the 4CMenB (Bexsero) vaccine provide good protection against vaccine-preventable invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).
  • * Single vaccine doses offer reduced protection, underscoring the importance of completing the infant immunization schedule.
  • * Postimplementation genomic surveillance is valuable for monitoring vaccine performance and informing public health strategies.