Ultra-conserved RNA: a novel biological tool with diagnostic and therapeutic potential

Ultra-conserved RNA (ucRNA) is a subset of long non-coding RNA, that is highly conserved among mice, rats and humans. UcRNA has attracted extensive attention in recent years for its potential biological significance in normal physiological function and diseases. However, due to the instability of RNA and the technical limitation, the function and mechanism of ucRNAs are largely unknown. Over the last two decades, researchers have made a lot of efforts to try to lift the veil of ucRNA in nervous, cardiovascular system and other systems as well as cancers. Since the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we summarized here recent findings on the functions, regulation and the underlying mechanisms of ucRNAs in physiology and pathology. Meanwhile, pathology in some diseases is likely to contribute to abnormal expression of ucRNA in turn. We also discuss the technical challenges and bright prospects for future applications of ucRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.