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Components of Stress

Components of Stress

Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...

Stress: General Loading Conditions

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....

Shearing Strain

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...

Shearing Stress

Shearing Stress

Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Principal Stresses

Principal Stresses

The graphical depiction of normal and shearing stress equations is represented by a circle, demonstrating the interplay between these stresses under different angular conditions. The center of this circle C, located on the vertical axis, represents the average normal stress, while its radius shows the range of stress variations. At points A and B, where the circle intersects the horizontal axis, the maximum and minimum normal stresses are observed, occurring without shearing stress. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

Shear stress and plaque microenvironment induce heterogeneity: A multiscale microenvironment evolution model.

Jichao Pan¹, Yan Cai¹, Jie Wu²

¹School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

|April 10, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atherosclerotic plaque heterogeneity arises from complex interactions influenced by wall shear stress (WSS) and microenvironmental factors. Modulating WSS and macrophage function may offer strategies for plaque regression.

Keywords:

Mathematical modeling Plaque microenvironment Wall shear stress

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Last Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

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Published on: January 15, 2022

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

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A Method to Study the Correlation Between Local Collagen Structure and Mechanical Properties of Atherosclerotic Plaque Fibrous Tissue

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Published on: November 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computational Biology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Clinical images and in vivo studies show varied atherosclerotic plaque composition.
Quantitative mechanisms driving plaque heterogeneity, including wall shear stress (WSS) and microenvironmental factor interplay, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the formation of plaque heterogeneity using a multiscale model.
To elucidate the dynamic balance between lipid metabolism and macrophage phagocytosis.

Main Methods:

Developed a multiscale model coupling computational fluid dynamics, microenvironmental factors, and cellular behaviors.
Incorporated WSS, lipid deposition, and inflammatory response to study plaque development in a 3D vessel segment.

Main Results:

Microenvironmental dynamics, influenced by WSS and factor interactions, drive longitudinal plaque heterogeneity.
Reduced low WSS areas and altered macrophage phagocytic abilities can decrease plaque heterogeneity, suggesting regression strategies.

Conclusions:

Multiscale modeling offers a framework for understanding plaque composition dynamics.
Provides quantitative insights for improved clinical risk stratification of plaque vulnerability.