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Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy for patients with solid epithelial cancers.

Steven A Rosenberg¹, Maria R Parkhurst¹, Paul F Robbins¹

¹Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

|April 10, 2023

Summary

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy shows promise for common epithelial cancers. Researchers are targeting cancer-specific mutations with patient lymphocytes, yielding encouraging early results.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Genomics

Background:

Common epithelial cancers often express unique mutation-specific antigens.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reactive to these antigens are present in most patients.
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is an emerging immunotherapy strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of ACT immunotherapy for common epithelial cancers.
To leverage patient-specific lymphocytes targeting cancer neoantigens.
To evaluate early clinical responses to this targeted approach.

Main Methods:

Identification of tumor mutation-specific antigens in common epithelial cancers.
Isolation and expansion of autologous lymphocytes reactive to these antigens.
Administration of expanded lymphocytes as ACT immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Demonstration of lymphocyte reactivity against cancer mutation products in the majority of patients.
Promising early outcomes from initial ACT immunotherapy trials targeting these specific antigens.

Conclusions:

ACT immunotherapy holds significant potential for treating common epithelial cancers.
Targeting patient-specific neoantigens with autologous lymphocytes is a viable strategy.
Further clinical investigation is warranted to optimize ACT for broader application.