Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

180
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
180
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

18
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
18
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

23
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
23
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

28
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
28
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

19
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
19
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

128
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
128

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Machine-Learning Model for Accurate Diuresis Prediction in Acute Heart Failure (DRC-AHF).

ESC heart failure·2026
Same author

Left ventricular changes in moderate aortic stenosis in women compared to men.

European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice·2026
Same author

A Contemporary Perspective on Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Classification: A State-of-the-art Review from an International Expert Group.

Cardiac failure review·2026
Same author

Early effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in acute heart failure: an individual patient-level meta-analysis.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Optimizing Care in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Registry Data From the Cardiometabolic Center Alliance.

Circulation. Population health and outcomes·2026
Same author

Three-Year Durability of Radiofrequency Renal Denervation: SPYRAL HTN-ON MED.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
07:49

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.4K

The win ratio method in heart failure trials: lessons learnt from EMPULSE.

Stuart J Pocock1, João Pedro Ferreira2,3, Timothy J Collier1

  • 1Medical Statistics Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

European Journal of Heart Failure
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The EMPULSE trial demonstrated empagliflozin

Keywords:
Clinical prioritiesEMPULSEHeart failureHierarchical composite outcomeWin ratio

More Related Videos

Histological Quantification of Chronic Myocardial Infarct in Rats
09:45

Histological Quantification of Chronic Myocardial Infarct in Rats

Published on: December 11, 2016

14.7K
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach
07:49

Author Spotlight: Investigating HR-Dependent Cardiac Function in Mouse Models Through a Novel Atrial-Pacing Approach

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.4K
Histological Quantification of Chronic Myocardial Infarct in Rats
09:45

Histological Quantification of Chronic Myocardial Infarct in Rats

Published on: December 11, 2016

14.7K
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Trials
  • Statistical Methodology

Background:

  • Acute heart failure (HF) poses significant clinical challenges.
  • Evaluating treatments for acute HF requires robust statistical methods.
  • The win ratio approach offers a novel way to analyze complex clinical trial outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical benefit of empagliflozin in acute heart failure patients.
  • To elucidate the application and interpretation of the stratified win ratio method.
  • To provide guidance for the use of the win ratio in future clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • The EMPULSE trial randomized 530 acute HF patients to empagliflozin or placebo.
  • A hierarchical composite outcome including death, HF events, and patient-reported symptoms (KCCQ) was used.
  • Both unstratified and stratified win ratio analyses were performed to compare treatment groups.

Main Results:

  • The unstratified win ratio favored empagliflozin (1.38; 95% CI 1.11-1.71).
  • The stratified win ratio, accounting for subgroups, also favored empagliflozin (1.36; 95% CI 1.09-1.68).
  • Recommendations were made regarding the inclusion of specific outcome measures in future win ratio analyses.

Conclusions:

  • The win ratio effectively integrates diverse clinical outcomes (mortality, events, patient-reported symptoms) in HF trials.
  • Empagliflozin demonstrated clinical benefit in acute HF patients.
  • The win ratio methodology has significant implications for future trial design and drug approval processes.