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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.9K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
1.9K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.1K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
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Multiplexed optical fiber cell temperature sensing system with high sensitivity and accuracy.

Yu Guo1,2, Yanxia Shen1, Xinyu Sun2

  • 1Jiangnan University, School of Internet of Things Engineering, Wuxi, China.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel multiplexed fiber laser sensor array for real-time cell temperature monitoring. The system offers high sensitivity and a simple design for detecting temperature changes in HepG2 cells exposed to aflatoxin B1.

Keywords:
beat frequency signalfiber Bragg gratingoptical fiber sensing systemtwo-channel cell temperature sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Accurate monitoring of cellular temperature is crucial for understanding biological processes and the effects of external stimuli.
  • Existing cell temperature sensing methods may lack sensitivity, real-time capabilities, or employ complex instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel multiplexed fiber laser sensing system for high-sensitivity, real-time cell temperature measurement.
  • To investigate the temperature changes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).

Main Methods:

  • A two-channel multiplexed fiber laser sensor array was designed using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and erbium-doped fiber (EDF).
  • Multilongitudinal mode (MLM) fiber lasers generated beat frequency signals (BFS) sensitive to temperature-induced wavelength shifts in the sensing FBG.
  • Frequency division multiplexing enabled simultaneous two-channel temperature sensing with automated data recording.

Main Results:

  • The developed system achieved high sensitivities of 101.62 and [value] respectively.
  • Real-time monitoring of temperature changes in HepG2 cells treated with AFB1 was successfully demonstrated.
  • The sensor array exhibited a simple structure and high sensitivity for cell temperature sensing.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multiplexed fiber laser sensing system offers a simple, sensitive, and effective method for cell temperature monitoring.
  • This approach avoids complex demodulation techniques and expensive optical components, making it accessible for various research applications.
  • The system provides a valuable tool for real-time analysis of cellular responses to chemical agents like AFB1.