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Hemodynamic performance evaluation of neonatal ECMO double lumen cannula using fluid-structure interaction
Faiq Ahmad1, Taqi Ahmad Cheema1, Khawar Rehman2,3
1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, KPK, Pakistan.
Summary
This study analyzes neonatal Double Lumen Cannula (DLC) performance in Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using fluid-structure interaction. Results highlight the return lumen as critical, with structural deformation increasing blood damage and stress.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
Background:
- Extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supports patients with cardio-pulmonary failure.
- Double Lumen Cannula (DLC) is vital for ECMO, managing blood flow within the right atrium.
- Previous studies using Eulerian methods overlooked structural stability and quantitative blood damage assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the hemodynamic performance of neonatal DLC.
- To incorporate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) for a more accurate analysis.
- To quantitatively assess blood damage and structural stability under physiological loads.
Main Methods:
- Employed a Lagrangian approach for quantitative blood damage assessment.
- Utilized a two-way coupled FSI analysis to model blood flow and DLC deformation.
- Solved three-dimensional continuity, momentum, and structural mechanics equations numerically.
Main Results:
- The return lumen exhibited maximum pressure drop, velocity, shear stress, and blood damage.
- Increased blood flow rates led to greater recirculation and residence time in the right atrium.
- DLC structural deformation significantly increased blood damage and Von-Mises stress, particularly at the return lumen edges.
Conclusions:
- The return lumen is the most critical component of neonatal DLC.
- Fluid-structure interaction is essential for accurate hemodynamic assessment and blood damage prediction.
- DLC design must consider structural stability to optimize performance and minimize patient risk.
