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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Single-Cell Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intact Organoids
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Thyroid organoids: Advances and applications.

Jinlu Zhao1, Yi Ren2, Zhenzhong Ge3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. louis20080808@126.com.

Endokrynologia Polska
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
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Organoids derived from stem cells offer a powerful in vitro model for studying thyroid cancer and regeneration. These thyroid organoids mimic organ structure and function, aiding research into disease mechanisms and treatments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Organoids, self-assembled from stem cells in 3D culture, mimic in vivo organ structure and function.
  • Tumor-derived organoids retain primary tumor heterogeneity, serving as reliable models for pathogenesis and treatment studies.
  • The thyroid gland, crucial for metabolism, faces high malignancy rates, necessitating advanced research models.

Approach:

  • This review explores the establishment and application of thyroid organoids for regenerative medicine and cancer research.
  • Thyroid organoids derived from normal tissues support regenerative strategies.
  • Thyroid tumor organoids replicate histopathological features, enabling in vitro studies of tumorigenesis.

Key Points:

  • Thyroid organoids can form follicular structures and secrete hormones, mirroring normal thyroid function.
  • Tumorigenic thyroid organoids preserve primary tumor characteristics for studying disease mechanisms.
  • Organoid technology provides a robust platform for investigating thyroid cancer development and thyroid regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid organoids are valuable tools for understanding thyroid cancer pathogenesis and developing regenerative therapies.
  • Further research into thyroid organoids can advance treatments for thyroid diseases and hypothyroidism.
  • The self-assembly and recapitulation capabilities of organoids offer significant potential in endocrine research.