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Referee Abuse, Intention to Quit, and Well-Being.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Abuse against sports officials, particularly association football referees, negatively impacts their well-being and intention to quit. Even without quitting, officials experience reduced well-being due to abuse.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Management
  • Occupational Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Increasing incidents of abuse directed at sports officials are a significant concern.
  • Challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified match officials are widespread across various sports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of physical and nonphysical abuse on association football referees' intentions to leave their roles.
  • To analyze the relationship between abuse experienced by referees and their personal well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pooled survey data from association football referees in the UK and Canada.
  • Employed probit, ordinary least squares, and treatment effects regression analyses to establish causal relationships.

Main Results:

  • Both physical and nonphysical abuse significantly affect referees' well-being and their intention to quit, with nonphysical abuse being more prevalent.
  • Referees who do not intend to quit still experience diminished well-being as a consequence of abuse.

Conclusions:

  • A zero-tolerance policy for all forms of abuse against sports officials is recommended.
  • Sports organizations have a duty of care to ensure the well-being of their officials.