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Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Predict Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Infants after Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
Christa Tabacaru1,2, Adebayo Braimah3, Beth Kline-Fath4,5
1Department of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Insights
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can identify white matter abnormalities linked to absent fidgety general movements and predict cerebral palsy risk.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neonatal Neurology
- Developmental Neuroscience
Background:
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal brain injury.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is standard for evaluating HIE-related brain injury.
- General movements (GMs) assessment is crucial for neurodevelopmental outcome prediction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To utilize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to identify infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) after HIE.
- To pinpoint brain regions critical for normal fidgety general movements (GMs) at 3-4 months postterm.
Main Methods:
- Term infants treated with hypothermia for HIE underwent MRI with DTI.
- General Movements Assessment was performed at 12-16 weeks.
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III assessed at 24 months.
Main Results:
- Infants with absent fidgety GMs showed reduced fractional anisotropy in key white matter tracts (posterior limb of internal capsule, optic radiations, corpus callosum).
- Three infants with absent fidgety GMs and two with normal GMs were diagnosed with CP.
- DTI identified specific white matter abnormalities correlating with motor development deficits.
Conclusions:
- DTI can identify white matter tracts essential for developing normal fidgety GMs in infants.
- These findings aid in early identification of infants at highest risk for CP following HIE.
- Advanced MRI techniques offer predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk newborns.
Objective:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard of care for evaluation of brain injury after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term newborns. This study utilizes diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to (1) identify infants at highest risk of development of cerebral palsy (CP) following HIE and to (2) identify regions of the brain critical to normal fidgety general movements (GMs) at 3 to 4 months of postterm. Absence of these normal, physiological movements is highly predictive of CP.
Study Design:
Term infants treated with hypothermia for HIE from January 2017 to December 2021 were consented for participation and had brain MRI with DTI after rewarming. The Prechtl's General Movements Assessment was performed at 12 to 16 weeks of age. Structural MRIs were reviewed for abnormalities, and DTI data were processed with the FMRIB Software Library. Infants underwent the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III test at 24 months.
Results:
Forty-five infant families were consented; three infants died prior to MRI and were excluded, and a fourth infant was excluded due to diagnosis of a neuromuscular disorder. Twenty-one infants were excluded due to major movement artifact on diffusion images. Ultimately, 17 infants with normal fidgety GMs were compared with 3 infants with absent fidgety GMs with similar maternal and infant characteristics. Infants with absent fidgety GMs had decreased fractional anisotropy of several important white matter tracts, including the posterior limb of the internal capsule, optic radiations, and corpus callosum (p < 0.05). All three infants with absent fidgety GMs and two with normal GMs went on to be diagnosed with CP.
Conclusion:
This study identifies white matter tracts of the brain critical to development of normal fidgety GMs in infants at 3 to 4 months of postterm using advanced MRI techniques. These findings identify those at highest risk for CP among infants with moderate/severe HIE prior to hospital discharge.
Key Points:
· HIE has devastating impacts on families and infants.. · Diffusion MRI identifies infants at highest risk for developing neurodevelopmental impairment.. · Normal general movements of infancy are generated by key white matter tracts..
