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Prediction of Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators using artificial intelligence.

Harim Kim1, Cheol-Soon Kim2, Ji-Min Lee1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Scientific Reports
|April 11, 2023
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Summary

This study introduces an AI-powered system for automated skeletal maturity assessment using Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators (SMI). The system demonstrates clinically reliable performance, enhancing efficiency and reproducibility in dental fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Radiology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Skeletal maturity assessment is crucial in orthodontics for treatment planning.
  • Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) are practical for clinical use.
  • Existing automated systems primarily use Greulich and Pyle or Tanner-Whitehouse methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an AI-enhanced automated system for skeletal maturity assessment using SMI.
  • To integrate SMI assessment into existing automated skeletal age systems.
  • To improve the efficiency and reproducibility of SMI prediction in dental fields.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hybrid system combining automated region detection, skeletal maturity evaluation, and SMI stage mapping.
  • Utilized artificial intelligence to enhance an existing automated skeletal age assessment system.
  • Validated the system on 2593 hand-wrist radiographs for algorithm adjustment and 711 for performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The automated SMI system achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.772.
  • Mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.27, and root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.604.
  • The system demonstrated clinically reliable performance on an independent test dataset.

Conclusions:

  • The developed AI-powered system for SMI assessment is clinically reliable.
  • This automated system can enhance clinical efficiency and reproducibility in predicting skeletal maturity.
  • The hybrid system offers a practical advancement for orthodontic treatment timing and methodology.