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Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
Published on: September 22, 2023
[Neuroimmunology of allergic rhinitis : Part 1: Cellular and humoral basic principles]
L Klimek1, P Werminghaus2, C Bergmann3
1Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland. Ludger.Klimek@Allergiezentrum.org.
Abstract:
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease with a high prevalence worldwide. It is an IgE-mediated type 2 inflammatory disease following exposure to inhalant allergens. A multitude of different neuropeptides including substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU) can be released via peripheral axon or central reflexes, interact with immune cells, and thus contribute to neurogenic inflammation which causes the nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) characteristic of AR. Independent production of neuroendocrine hormones and neuropeptides by immune cells has also been demonstrated. Neuro-immune cell units arise when immune and neuronal cells colocalize, for which typical anatomic regions are, e.g., the mast cell-nerve functional unit. The focus of this review is the elucidation of neuroimmune communication mechanisms in AR.
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