Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.0K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.0K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.9K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.9K
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

30.6K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
30.6K
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

4.1K
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
4.1K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.3K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.3K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

4.2K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the New Cardiotonic Steroid γ-Benzylidene Digoxin 8 (BD-8) in Mice.

Cells·2024
Same author

Genome-Scale Analyses Reveal Roadblocks to Monkey Cloning.

Cellular reprogramming·2024
Same author

Gene Regulatory Networks: Improving Inferences with Transfer Learning.

Cellular reprogramming·2023
Same author

Reference genes for gene expression profiling in mouse models of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection.

BioTechniques·2023
Same author

Cellular responses and microRNA profiling in bovine spermatozoa under heat shock.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)·2022
Same author

MYC integrates FSH signalling networks in cumulus cells during bovine oocyte maturation.

Acta veterinaria Hungarica·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

12.7K

Cloning by SCNT: Integrating Technical and Biology-Driven Advances.

Marcelo Tigre Moura1

  • 1Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, Diadema - SP, Brazil.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning enables reprogramming cells to a totipotent state, but faces challenges. Advances are needed for large-scale production and multi-omics profiling to understand rare successful reprogramming events.

Keywords:
Cellular reprogrammingEnucleationNuclear remodelingNuclear transplantationPluripotencyTotipotent

More Related Videos

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

14.2K
Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

12.7K
Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

14.2K
Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique that reprograms differentiated cells to a totipotent state within an oocyte.
  • Early SCNT successes were in amphibians, with later advancements enabling mammalian cloning from adult cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical progress and current challenges in SCNT technology.
  • To highlight the potential applications of SCNT in basic research and biotechnology.
  • To identify future directions for improving SCNT efficiency and understanding reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical SCNT literature and technological advancements.
  • Analysis of genome-wide studies identifying barriers to nuclear reprogramming.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies for SCNT embryo production and analysis.

Main Results:

  • SCNT has evolved from amphibians to mammals, demonstrating its versatility.
  • Key barriers to reprogramming include persistent epigenetic marks and resistant genomic regions.
  • Low cloning efficiency and technical complexity remain significant challenges.

Conclusions:

  • SCNT is a powerful tool for biological research, genome propagation, and generating transgenic or patient-specific stem cells.
  • Overcoming reprogramming barriers requires technical innovation for large-scale SCNT embryo production and advanced single-cell multi-omics profiling.
  • Continued advancements in SCNT hold promise for expanding its applications.