Extracellular vesicle-mediated remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment in myeloid malignancies

Hematopoiesis is maintained and regulated by a bone marrow-specific microenvironment called a niche. In hematological malignancies, tumor cells induce niche remodeling, and the reconstructed niche is closely linked to disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from tumor cells play a principal role in niche remodeling in hematological malignancies. Although EVs are emerging as potential therapeutic targets, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear, and selective inhibition remains a challenge. This review summarizes remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment in hematological malignancies and its contribution to pathogenesis, as well as roles of tumor-derived EVs, and provides a perspective on future research in this field.