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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Delirium awareness and care practices among Western European healthcare professionals: a survey.

European geriatric medicine·2026
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[Polypharmacy and Delirium in the Elderly].

Isabella Glaser1

  • 1Universitäre Altersmedizin, FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Schweiz.

Praxis
|April 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients often develop delirium due to multiple health conditions and polypharmacy (use of multiple medications). This review explores the link between delirium and polypharmacy, suggesting deprescribing as a solution.

Keywords:
PolypharmazieDelirDeliriumDélireGeriatriePolypharmacydeprescribingelderly adultspersonnes âgéespolypharmacieréduction de la polypharmacie

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Context:

  • Delirium is a common complication in elderly hospitalized patients.
  • Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are significant risk factors for delirium development.
  • Delirium can precipitate further medication use, creating a complex clinical scenario.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the intricate relationship between delirium and polypharmacy in older adults.
  • To review recent evidence on the interplay between these two conditions.
  • To explore potential strategies for medication reduction (deprescribing).

Summary:

  • Polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple drugs, is a well-established risk factor for delirium in the elderly.
  • The occurrence of delirium can paradoxically lead to an increase in prescribed medications.
  • Recent evidence highlights the bidirectional association between polypharmacy and delirium.

Impact:

  • Informing clinical practice regarding medication management in elderly patients with delirium.
  • Highlighting the importance of deprescribing to mitigate risks associated with polypharmacy.
  • Providing a foundation for future research into interventions for delirium prevention and management.