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Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning.

D J Hampson

    Research in Veterinary Science
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Weaning significantly alters piglet small intestine structure, increasing crypt depth and reducing villus height. Creep food consumption did not influence these post-weaning intestinal changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Gastroenterology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Weaning is a critical developmental stage for piglets, involving significant dietary and environmental changes.
    • Understanding the impact of weaning on small intestinal morphology is crucial for piglet health and productivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural effects of weaning and creep food consumption on the small intestinal mucosa of young piglets.
    • To determine the relationship between intestinal morphology changes and post-weaning susceptibility to health issues.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of small intestinal mucosa from 112 piglets (21-32 days old).
    • Comparison of structural parameters (crypt depth, villus height, villus morphology) between unweaned controls and weaned pigs.
    • Assessment of creep food consumption's influence on intestinal changes.

    Main Results:

    • Weaning led to a significant increase in crypt depth and villus morphological complexity, with a dramatic reduction in villus height.
    • Crypt elongation was most pronounced in the distal small intestine; villus height loss was greatest proximally.
    • No inflammatory reactions were observed, and creep food intake did not affect these intestinal alterations.

    Conclusions:

    • Weaning induces significant structural modifications in the piglet small intestine, reducing absorptive area and promoting a less mature enterocyte population.
    • These morphological changes likely contribute to the increased incidence of diarrhea and growth retardation observed in piglets post-weaning.
    • The study refutes the hypothesis that hypersensitivity to dietary antigens is the primary cause of these weaning-induced intestinal changes.

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